Rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome-2 (RTPS2) is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by the onset in infancy, childhood, or young adulthood of various poorly differentiated tumors. Classically, tumors that arise in the central nervous system are referred to as atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, whereas those arising in the kidney or other extracranial sites are referred to as malignant rhabdoid tumors. Tumors may also present as small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), also known as malignant rhabdoid tumor of the ovary (MRTO). All of these tumors are highly aggressive and often fatal (summary by Foulkes et al., 2014). See also RTPS1 (609322), which is caused by mutation in the SMARCB1 gene (601607) on chromosome 22q11.